الوحدة 1: الأزمنة الأساسية والمتقدمة
الهدف: الاتساق الزمني واستخدام المؤشراتالقاعدة باختصار
Present Perfect have/has + V3
- خبرة أو نتيجة حاضرة وزمن غير محدد.
- كلمات إشارة: ever, never, already, yet, just, since, for
مثال: I have finished my project.
Past Simple V2
- حدث انتهى في وقت محدد في الماضي.
- كلمات: yesterday, last year, in 2019, ago
مثال: I finished my project yesterday.
Future Forms will / be going to / present continuous
- will للتوقع/القرار اللحظي؛ going to للنية؛ المضارع المستمر للترتيبات.
مثال: We are meeting the teacher at 5 pm.
أخطاء شائعة:
- لا نستخدم present perfect مع yesterday/ago.
- since + نقطة بداية، for + مدة.
- حافظ على الاتساق الزمني داخل الفقرة.
تمارين تطبيقية
اختر الإجابة الصحيحة
1) I ____ my homework two hours ago.
2) They ____ to Salalah three times.
3) She hasn’t called me ____ Monday.
4) We ____ the report yet.
5) He ____ in 2018.
صحّح الأخطاء
1) I have seen him yesterday.
2) We haven’t eaten since three hours.
3) She has wrote the email.
اختبار قصير (8 دقائق)
A) Rewrite keeping meaning: If I slept earlier, I am energetic now. →
B) Choose the best future form: We ____ visit the museum tomorrow. (will / are going to / are visiting)
C) since vs for: I ____ lived here ____ 2020.
الوحدة 2: الكلام المنقول والمبني للمجهول
الهدف: التحويل السليم بين التراكيبالكلام المنقول باختصار
تحويل الأزمنة
- Present Simple → Past Simple
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Will → Would
“I am tired.” → He said (that) he was tired.
الأسئلة والأوامر
- أسئلة: إزالة علامة الاستفهام وترتيب الجملة.
- أوامر: tell/ask + object + to/not to
“Where do you live?” → He asked where I lived.
“Don’t be late.” → He told me not to be late.
“Don’t be late.” → He told me not to be late.
المبني للمجهول باختصار
be + V3
- يتغيّر الفعل be حسب الزمن.
The letter was sent yesterday. / The results have been published.
حوّل الجمل
1) “I am tired.” →
2) “Where do you live?” →
3) “Don’t be late.” →
4) Active → Passive: They wrote the report yesterday. →
الوحدة 3: الشرط والرغبات
الهدف: التعبير عن الاحتمال والافتراضالأنماط الأساسية
Zero: If water boils, it turns into steam.
First: If you study, you will pass.
Second: If I were you, I would revise daily.
Third: If they had left early, they would have caught the bus.
Mixed: If I had slept earlier, I would be energetic now.
نصيحة:
بعد If في النوع الثاني والثالث نستخدم الماضي البسيط/التام.
تطبيق سريع
1) Complete: If you save money, you ____ (buy) a new laptop.
2) Rewrite (advice): Talk to the teacher. → If I were you, I ____.
3) Third: If they ____ (study), they ____ (pass).
الوحدة 4: الروابط والاتساق النصّي
الهدف: ربط الأفكار منطقياًأنواع الروابط
تباين: but, however, although, despite
سبب/نتيجة: because, since, therefore, so, as a result
إضافة: and, also, moreover, in addition
غرض: to, so that, in order to
Although it was late, we continued studying. Therefore, we finished on time.
ملاحظة:
بعد despite يأتي اسم/gerund، وبعد although جملة كاملة.
تمرين ربط
1) (although) It was raining. We played football. →
2) (however) We were tired. We finished the task. →
3) (so that) We left early. We could catch the bus. →